first Introduction
The design has changed significantly over the past 15 years and developed. Material properties, energy consumption and comfort are observed more strongly in the planning process. The building envelope is in many aspects of key importance in relation to the air. The natural exchange of air inside a building is reduced by the passage of time greatly improved seals for doors and windows clear. Seen from the aspect of energy consumption ago is certainly positive. However, leaky building depending on behavior of the resident appear new problems, which can lead to a decrease in comfort. Consumed either by air or by the excessive humidity that structural damage has resulted.
The problems mentioned here can be solved by a controlled ventilation. The comfort can be improved with appropriate technology equipment and energy consumption can be greatly reduced.
second reveal what reason?
to achieve and maintain a pleasant indoor climate, air exchange is necessary. Fresh air must replace the stale indoor air, which is impacted by several factors:
odors: created by the people themselves, by pets and various facilities in the apartment. humidity: formed mainly by showers, cooking, washing, breathing and through plants. pollutants: caused by, or by formaldehyde from furnishings, cleaners and solvents, tobacco smoke, radon gas from the concrete and the substrate, nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide by cooking with gas.
are uncomfortable with the different ventilation air movement in context. These include drafts, heat loss and noise emissions. Today is generally less than previously revealed, mostly to save heating energy. The low air exchange in the building in winter due to high humidity lead to structural damage, are formed gray spots and mildew can form. Normally, one each between a continuous ventilation (permanently tilted window sash) and determine the impact ventilation (windows are regularly open for a short time). In this case, especially when continuous ventilation to take high energy losses into account. air change rates and recommended intake of fresh air
use
fresh air volume air exchange
Non smoking 12-30 m3 / h person about 0.4 / h
smoking 30-70 m3 / h person about 0.8 / h
third Calculation of air
Based on the number of living rooms, bedrooms and study sets the supply air. It all rooms, except those that are in the throughflow is fed to supply air.
The leaflet of the SIA 2023 shows a similar process. These values differ but not significantly from the above rule of thumb: kitchen 40 m3 / h
use exhaust flow bath, shower 40 m3 / h toilet (no shower) 20 m3 / h
The values from the table " minimal Exhaust flow "can be reduced in homes with less than three rooms at up to 30%. In calculating this table is based on a year-round continuous operation.
4th Verified Why ventilate? The issue around the ventilation / air exchange was in spite of various technical developments in building technology and the building shell largely ignored. addition to the normal window ventilation were previously only ventilation systems in interior bathrooms, and kitchens known. Today, this country only 13 of 100 residential buildings equipped with an exhaust system. When the ventilation system is 2 out of 100 When will the other 85% the normal window ventilation is used. The exchange of air through windows and door joints now ranges from new, well insulated and dense residential buildings is no longer sufficient to ensure a healthy indoor climate. The increased demands for comfort, in the context of modern design, are urging the method of controlled ventilation on even some genuine. The first demand on the buildings is in fact a tight building envelope, followed by that of the sealing windows and doors. Usually this is now also the case for new buildings. If modifications or improvements to existing buildings such as the tightness of the newly installed windows and doors is to pay special attention.
5th Advantages and disadvantages of comfort ventilation as compared to window ventilation:
advantages - less energy consumption
- eliminating moisture and pollutants
- good indoor air quality
- filtered outside air (free of pollen and dust) - less noise from outside - custom air exchange possible
- no draft
- better comfort by heated air
- closed windows increase security - solar heat from solar collectors
Disadvantages:
- the cost of installation and operation of the plant
- Plant and channels need space and serious planning
- Expenses for maintenance and cleaning (low)
- Additional electricity consumption by fans in the ventilation unit
6th Ventilation systems
6.1 Controlled ventilation with heat recovery
It is supplied to the air from the outside, depending on the individual needs indoors. The exhaust heat can be supplied with up to two thirds of the supply air by heat recovery again. Controlled ventilation is used mainly in new buildings with low energy requirements.
principle of supply and exhaust system with heat recovery:
works:
air: outside air is drawn in by fans and warmed with the heat exchanger, passes through an air filter, maybe you will finally reheated the living rooms and bedrooms supplied.
exhaust air: air is sucked in bathroom and kitchen again goes through an air filter and is then blown through the roof.
experience and measurements show that the placement of supply air diffusers in conventional living, sleeping and working rooms, a minor role. Wall, ceiling and floor may come into question. It should be noted, than that of the blowing air jet not addressed directly to a common area, is because so may occur draft.
The solution with an overflow outlet in the form of the door gap is maintenance-free and free. It already reaches a height of 7 mm gap, to reach a Luftvolumenstom of 30 m3 / h. It can thus be used a standard doorway or threshold and with no planet seal. Residents must also be informed that no carpet may be situated in the door opening to ensure ventilation.
conditions / consequences for the flow over the door by column: - discharge must not be directed towards areas with permanent residence
- The sound reduction is through a door weakened without Planet seal airflow ± 30 m3 / h → air gap = 7 mm
air flow> 40 m3 / h → air gap = 10 mm At air flow rates of 40 m3 / h (as in baths), the air gap a height of 10 mm and more exhibit. It should be mentioned that this light can penetrate through the gap, which can be disturbing. The larger the gap, the weaker the sound insulation to the other room. With the slightly weakened soundproofing can each still life is good, because when the doors are permanently closed (at night), the need for peace anyway greatest.
At high acoustic requirements but also silenced overflow outlets are used. These can be in the door itself, or installed above the door in the door frame. It is necessary to consider whether a special overflow passage noticeably less noise than to pass through a door crack.
6.2 Air Heating Systems These systems work as comfort ventilation, with the only difference being that all the radiators and floor heating systems account for and enters the room's heat through the air into the rooms. Such a system is only at low or zero energy buildings economically feasible, so the electricity consumption the fans and the required air volumes remain small.
In the U.S., Switzerland, in contrast to common such air heating systems far.
3.6 Normal extractors 
by small fans is drawn in the air and carried into the open. Air flows through leaks around windows and doors, according to the fireplace or the furnace room. Than normal exhaust devices means, for example, WC-fans or a conventional kitchen hood.
7th Commissioning
The system must not be taken before the Bauendreinigung in operation. It must be the cleanliness be observed and controlled before the start, otherwise as a purification of. The air flow rates must be set in every room, measured and recorded. Prior to the decrease during the air filter should be replaced. The operator and the builder will allow time for implementation. In a necessary air filter change is a demonstration to recommend a specialist.
8th Reflection
In our times of research, development and optimization of different aspects of my thoughts on the energy budget to pay the most attention. With the decision, in connection with the increased demands on (residential) comfort, such Comfort ventilation installed, you can make a small but significant contribution. The need for a pleasant indoor climate goes hand in hand so to speak, with the intention of better Energihaushalts. It pays to be a builder, in such a plant to invest when you consider that these costs are amortized in a few years. It should also be seen in light of descendant generations, contributing to the preservation of our environment. One issue where I believe the lever is set at the right place.
9th Resources / Links
http://www.bfe.admin.ch/
http://www.energie.zh.ch/
www.dka.ch/
Patrick wanker
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